Apparatus for hair waving



Dec. 30, 1941. J ASHFORD 2,268,500

APPARATUS FOR HAIR WAVING Filed Oct. 7, 1941 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR ATTQRNEY Dec. 30, 1941. ASHFORD 2,268,500

APPARATUS FOR HAIR WAVING Filed Oct. '7, 1941 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. J4 CK A 5 H 0P0 ib/ w A TTOANEY Patented Dec. 30, 1941 UNITED STATES ATENT OFFICE APPARATUS FOR HAIR WAVING Jack Ashford, New York, N. Y. Application October 7, 1941, Serial No. 414,009

7 Claims.

This invention relates to apparatus for hair waving and herein described in some detail as carried out with a wooden curler and a rubber covered rigid mount for the curler, and with other mounts.

So called permanent hair waving has for many years been practiced with the aid of electric heaters which heated up hair previously wound on metal curlers or spindles. These spindles were often mounted on small metal frames with two part bases known as protectors. One part of the base swung on the other so that when the curler was inserted in the base mounting with me members swung apart, the hair wound on the curler could be further wound and then the swinging member was clamped to hold the hair in place on the curler.

These metal members conducted heat rapidly and it was essential, if they lay close to the scalp, to provide an insulating member for protecting the scalp from heat. The curling process included a wetting of the hair and the wetting fluids used wetted the mount, the curler, and

sometimes wetted the insulating material, producing a general messy appearance.

Efforts have been made to curl hair in the cold with appropriate solutions, although one difficulty has been that the solutions which otherwise seemed suitable, were allergic to some people, and apparently seriously poisonous under such circumstances.

Other and safe solutions have been now developed which work satisfactorily and in a form of the present invention herein disclosed, these solutions are utilized with a curling device which is free from exposed metal.

It has been found very satisfactory to draw the hair through a rubber or other flexible slot, or past rubber and wind it on a curler spindle which is made of wood and is therefore cheap, and almost costless, so it is not a serious matter if it is thrown away after being used a few times. It is found that a curler of this sort may be held on to a suitable mount by openings in rubber-covered ears so as to engage the mount with sufficient friction to hold the hair wound up on the curler. It has also been found possible to provide the curler with openings like a capstan so that a turning handle may be inserted, the friction may be overcome, and the hair tightened on the curler.

Other features and appear.

In the accompanying drawings,

advantages will hereinafter Figure lv shows the device ready to wind on the hair.

Figure 2 shows the beginning of winding the hair, being a sectional View on the line 2-2 of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a sectional end view of the curler.

Figure 4 is a side view partly in section, showing the curler in position with hair wound on it.

Figure 5 is an end view showing the tensioned ear.

Figure 6 is a face view of the curler.

Figure 7 is a top view of the same.

Figure 8 is a plan view of the frame or base.

Figure 9 shows a modified mount in which fibre board replaces the metal stiffening member.

Figure 10 shows the same mount in section on the line 10-40 of Figure 9.

Figure 11 shows a modified metal mount.

Figure 12 shows the same in section on the line lZ--l2 of Figure 11.

Figure 13 shows a mount with a removable jacket.

Figure 14 shows the same in section on the line E i-l4 of Figure 13.

Figure 15 shows the same on the line l5-l5 of Figure 13.

Figure 16 is an enlarged detail of the end of the metal frame of Figure 13.

The base of the curling device is shown in Figures 1 to .8 as including an outline frame In stamped from sheet iron, and covered with rubber on both sides so that the rubber sheets completely cover the central open space I l of the outline member. It is found that a central slot l2 cut in this rubber cover clings to any strands of hair 13 pulled through it so that the base is held on the hair.

In fact it is possible and usually advantageous to draw the desired strands of hair [3 through the slot l2 in the base and thereafter wet the hair with a suitable solution. When this procedure is followed the base effectively prevents the solution from reaching the scalp. The hair after being thus wet is rolled up upon the curler spindle Hi so that the spindle eventually rests on the base. The curler l4 may be firmly held in position thus wound by stretching up the rubber ear l5 projecting from the base at each end and catching each ear over the projecting stub shaft or axle N5 of the curler with the result that tho two ears draw the large ends ll of the curler down upon the ends of the sealed metal frame.

In the form shown, the curler tapers between its enlarged ends from a diameter seven-sixteenths of an inch down to one-eighth at the center. Wh'en thus resting on the ends iii of the frame, the curler may be further tightened by inserting in openings H) the usual pin used in straightening out the hair so that the pin serves as a capstan pin at one or the other ends of the curler by entering the most convenient opening I9 in the enlargedend I! of the curler, the openings on opposite ends being offset for convenience about one-eighth turn. It is found that four openings at each end passing all the way through as bores, provide satisfactory means for tightening the curler.

The integral metal frame It shown consists of two long iron members 2| about three-fourths of an inch apart on centers and two short transverse ends 22 about two and one-half inches apart on centers between the short ends. It has been found satisfactory to punch out the metal frame from various gages of sheet iron between the 20 gage and 32 gage so that each member is about one-eighth of an inch wide or less.

A very satisfactory bottom covering 29 of rubher was made by cutting rubber of a, proper size and cementing over-one face of the metal frame, cutting it out of rubber such as is used in ordinary passenger car inner tubes, and facing the other face of the frame with a covering 24 of such rubber as is used for patching the inner tubes, and cutting the slot l2 nearly the length of the opening in the metal member so that only about one-eighth of an inch remains between the ends of the slot and the adjacent short ends 22 of the metal frame.

The openings 25 in the ears which go over the stub shafts I6 have been found satisfactory if they fit the stub shafts closely and are nearly tangential to the end of the cover 24, and are formed as continuous projections of the inner tube member cover 23.

As thus made the slot l2 grasps hair sufii-' ciently firmly to hold the curler in place and closes around suitable locks of hair so that, it prevents the wetting of the scalp when the hair is wet after being put through the slot.

It is found that a rough turned wooden spindle curler I4 holds the hair sufficiently for the purpose described and is far easier to handle than a metal rod.

In order to induce the curlin the hair, the

wet hair wound on the curlermay be covered with a. towel or other suitable covering for a few minutes, the time depending upon the exact solution used, and on the ability of the hair to curl and the amount of curl desired, and then the towel or covering is removed and the hair is washed. It is found the curl thus obtained is permanent.

The rough wooden curler [4 described appears to be the cheapest and yet is a highly effective curler. It is possible to use metal curlers I or curlers M of molded plastic material if desired.

The foregoing description applies primarily to the so-called croquignole wrap in which the successive turns of hair completely overlap.

It is also possible to use a wooden spindle, preferably a straight shaft for spiral wrapping. The end of the hair will cling to the straight shaft if wound on one end and successive turns wound spirally will give the desired effect.

The simplest form of slot [2 is shown in Figure 1, but the saw toothed slot l2, shown in Figure 8 clings to the locks of hair better. It is of especial advantage because that clinging enables an operator to pull all the hair looks through all the mounts needed for a head confident that they will hold themselves in place until each curler has been wound with the proper locks of hair and properly placed.

The mount 26 of Figure 9 includes a suitable band of rubber having ears l5 like the ears of Figures 1 to 8, and given stiffness by a U-shaped strip 21 of vulcanized fiber on one face, with the bottom 28' of the U lying between the slot [2, like the slot l2 of the prior figures, and the opening 25 of one ear l5. Additional stiffness is shown as given by a similar U-shaped strip 29 reversely placed on the opposite side of the mount with the base 30 of its U at the opposite end of the slot l5, and near the opposite opening 25, the two U-shaped strips 21 and 29 being riveted together through the rubber body of the mount. The vulcanized fibre is one form of organic material which resists the action of the wetting fluid. The U-shaped strips are adequate and being out without waste are cheaper than closed loops of fibre.

Figure 11 shows a mount 3| in which a similar strip of rubber is stiffened around its edge by a band of aluminum or other metal resistant to the wetting fluid. In the form shown a piece of aluminum with wide back-bone 32 and a cross arm 33 at each end is folded along the center line 34 of the back-bone 32 so as to embrace the rubber strip ll along one edge and, by the cross arms 33, at each end between the slot l2 and the openings 25 in the ears IS. The device is completed by folding a strip of aluminum 35 connecting the ends of two cross arms around the edge of the rubber so that it overlies the other ends the cross arms and holds the metal to the rubber. The mounts of Figures 9 and 11 may well include saw-toothed slots instead of the straight slots shown.

Figure 13 shows a mount 36 which is shown as having a removable cover 31 which has been found satisfactory if made of paper such as brown kraft paper, having open ends and overlapping long edges 38 cemented together as by some waterproof cement. In the form shown the paper covers a closed loop frame 39 which may be of iron.

In the form shown the iron frame 39 supports a rubber band 40 carrying ears I5 with openings 25, like the ears l5 and openings 25 of the other figures.

The rubber band 40 is shown as narrow so that the mount 36 was assembled by inserting the band 40 so that it fits into narrow slots ll provided in the ends of the frame 39. To enable this to be done each slot is shown as cut open at 42 at the outer edge of the loop to provide an opening wide enough to admit the band 49 near its ears [5.

Ordinarily the band 40 is inserted in the slots 4|, with the result that its ears l5 stand up as shown in Figure 14, convenient for inserting the curler axles l6, then the cover 31, previously slit on both faces centrally at 43, like the slot H. of Figure 1 is slipped on so that it preferably covers the whole of the frame 39 up to the ears l5. As thus constructed locks of hair are drawn through the two slots from the back and held by friction where they engage the stretched strip of rubber 40 between the two slots 43, and are held as well as locks are held by the saw tooth slot of Figure 8.

The metal of Figures 11 and 13 may be lacquered with a suitable resistant lacquer if desired or found to stain when unlacquered.

Having thus described certain embodiments of the invention, what is claimed is:

l. A hair curling device including a rigid metal outline frame, a waterproof continuous sheet stretched across the frame and including a long slot, a curler on which hair is wound after being passed through the slot, enlarged ends on the curler, stub shafts projecting beyond the ends, and elastic ears projecting from the ends of the frame having openings adapted to embrace the shafts and draw the ends against the frame to frictionally hold the curler on the frame.

2. A hair curling device including a rigid metal outline frame, a waterproof continuous sheet stretched across the frame and including a long slot. a curler on which hair is wound after being passed through the slot, enlarged ends on the curler, including openings to receive a turning pin, stub shafts projecting beyond the ends, and elastic ears projecting from the ends of the frame having openings adapted to embrace the shafts and draw the ends against the frame to frictionally hold the curler on the frame.

3. A hair curling device including a rigid metal outline frame, a waterproof continuous sheet stretched across the frame, and including a long slot, a Wooden curler on which hair is Wound after being passed through the slot, enlarged ends on the curler, stub shafts projecting beyond the ends, and elastic ears projecting from the ends of the frame having openings adapted to embrace the shafts and draw the ends against the frame to frictionally hold the curler on the frame.

4. A hair curling device including a rigid metal outline frame, a waterproof continuous sheet stretched across the frame and including a long slot, a wooden curler on which hair is wound after being passed through the slot, enlarged ends on the curler, including openings to receive a turning pin, stub shafts projecting beyond the ends, and elastic ears projecting from the ends of the frame having openings adapted to embrac the shafts and draw the ends against the frame to frictionally hold the curler on the frame.

5. A hair curling device including a metal rigid outline frame, a slotted rubber sheet stretched across the frame and including projecting rubber ears having holes, a curler on which hair is Wound after having been passed through the slot, enlarged ends on the curler adapted to be drawn against the sheet about where it lies on the fram and having capstan holes, and stub shafts on the curler adapted to be caught in said ear holes so the ears draw the enlarged ends on the curler indirectly against the frame to hold the curler by friction against turning.

6. A hair curling device including a metal rigid outline frame, a slotted rubber sheet stretched across the frame and including projecting rubber ears having holes, a rough wooden curler on which hair is wound after having been passed through the slot, enlarged ends on the curler adapted to be drawn against the sheet about where it lies on the frame and having capstan holes, and stub shafts on the curler adapted to be caught in said ear holes so the ears draw the enlarged ends on the curler indirectly against the frame to hold the curler by friction against turning,

7. A hair curling device including a metal rigid outline frame, a slotted rubber sheet stretched across the frame and including projecting rubber ears having holes, a rough wooden curler on which hair is wound after having been passed through the slot, enlarged ends on the curler adapted to be drawn against the sheet about where it lies on the frame and having capstan holes, and stub shafts on the curler adapted to be caught in said ear holes so the ears draw the enlarged ends on the curler indirectly against the frame to hold the curler by friction against turning, and a second rubber sheet covering the samev JACK ASHFORD. 

